Saturday, June 15, 2013

Burn Your Belly Fat Fast But Can You Deduct It from Your Taxes?

Robert W Wood for Forbes writes: I keep reading about the 6 Ways to Burn Your Belly Fat Fast. It’s a pretty short list and includes some pretty innocuous items. These six ways make it sound easy to get a flatter belly in no time:
  1. Sleep;
  2. Short bursts of exercise;
  3. Sugar is your Enemy;
  4. Vitamin C;
  5. Eat fat; and
  6. Slowing down your breath.
None of it even sounds expensive, but it still got me wondering how much might be tax deductible. That, it turns out, can hinge on doctor’s orders, exactly what the doctor orders, and for whatcondition. A lot also depends on how good your records are.
What qualifies as a medical expense for tax purposes? Taxpayers try to write off swimming pools, vacations, medical marijuana, spa visits and patio awnings, sometimes with success. See Tax Breaks For Alcoholics, But Not Weight Watchers. Some of the line-drawing seems downright bizarre.
For example, the IRS ruled that a mother with a double-mastectomy could not deduct the cost of her baby’s formula as a medical expense. See Private Letter Ruling 200941003. Although the baby’s need for formula was clear, it satisfied the child’s normal food needs and that meant no deduction. Sometimes, deductions get denied for good reason.
In Halby v. Commissioner, a 78 year old lawyer wrote off therapeutic treatments by prostitutes. He didn’t even have a doctor’s note but he deducted their “professional” fees. He even deducted pornography. With no medical diagnosis and a self-prescribed treatment that was illegal, the Tax Court said no. The New York State Tax Appeals Board did too. See Matter of HalbyNos. 821494/821810.
Even for costs that qualify, there’s a high threshold. Medical expenses are deductible only to the extent they exceed 7.5% of your adjusted gross income. If your adjusted gross income is $100,000, the first $7,500 of medical expenses are on you. But if you exceed it, you have fairly wide latitude as to what qualifies. It must be for the medical care of the taxpayer, spouse or dependent.
An expense for the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment or prevention of disease qualifies. In contrast, an expense merely beneficial to generalhealth doesn’t. See IRS Publication 502. False teeth, prescription eyeglasses, contact lenses, laser eye surgery, hearing aids, crutches, wheelchairs, and guide dogs for the blind or deaf are deductible medical expenses. However, you can’t deduct funeral or burial expenses, health club dues, over-the-counter medicines, toothpaste, toiletries, or cosmetics.
No-no’s also include most cosmetic surgery, dancing or swimming lessons. Back to belly fat and 6 Ways to Burn Your Belly Fat Fast? Costs of special foods and beverages qualify if prescribed by a doctor to alleviate or treat a specific illness, if they are in addition to the taxpayer’s normal diet, and if they are not part of the patient’s nutritional needs. See Revenue Ruling 55-261
Thus, if it’s special food you’re claiming, you’ll need a statement from your doctor. Plus, the food can’t substitute for something else you would consume. Prescribed low calorie foods don’t qualify. They are substitutes for the food you would normally consume to satisfy nutritional requirements.
For more line drawing, compare Rev. Rul. 79-151 with Revenue Ruling 2002-19In the former, the IRS said a weight-loss program to improve generalhealth or appearance didn’t qualify. But in the latter, the IRS said you candeduct a weight-loss program treating for a specific disease diagnosed by a physician. If you’re diagnosed as obese that’s sufficient.
You want written advice from your doctor prescribing your particular treatment regimen, proof that you followed the prescribed regimen, and proof that you incurred the expenses. For more on which medical expenses qualify and why, see Tax Breaks For Alcoholics, But Not Weight Watchers.
Posted on 6:17 AM | Categories:

Tax Question [Social Security income and fund distributions]

From Bogleheads we read: 

Tax Question [Social Security income and fund distributions]

by rec7 » Fri Jun 14, 2013 4:52 pm
If a person is 65 years old and has 16k income from Social Security how much can they have in Vanguard Target Retirement 2015 Fund (VTXVX) before they would pay taxes? This is all taxable money. Social Security is there only income.
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Re: Tax Question

Postby damjam » Fri Jun 14, 2013 6:13 pm
rec7 wrote:If a person is 65 years old and has 16k income from Social Security how much can they have in Vanguard Target Retirement 2015 Fund (VTXVX) before they would pay taxes? This is all taxable money. Social Security is there only income.

Not a straight forward question to answer since we don't know how much money in dividends and capital gains will be generated from the fund.

Just fooling around with Taxcaster. I found you could have a little more than $33,500 total of qualified dividends and long-term capital gains before any tax was due. However, Vanguard Taraget Retirement 2015 does distribute short-term capital gains (I also don't know what percentage of dividends are "qualified") so your total income from investments would have to be something less than $33,500 to avoid triggering taxes.

If I make the assumption that the distributions from the fund will be around 6% and all distributions are tax favored, then a single person aged 65 or older could have somewhat north of $550,000 in that fund and not have to pay any tax.

Your best bet would be to use last years tax software to run some simulations, realizing of course that the standard deduction and personal exemption will be raised for 2013. The standard deduction for a single person 65 or older is $7,600 for 2013 and the personal exemption is $3,900 for 2013. So you will have $300 more reduction in taxable income in 2013 than in 2012. Not a huge difference, so simulations run with last years parameters should be sufficient.
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Re: Tax Question

Postby rec7 » Fri Jun 14, 2013 7:31 pm
The fund is about 50/50 so I am guessing only half the dividends will be qualified dividends. The other half would be bond interest. Going by the yield I was thinking a person could have close to one million in the fund in this case with no taxes but I am not sure. I think the distributions will be around 2% since the capital gains are small. It is the non qualified dividends that cause the taxes fast because at age 65 a person can only make about 13k before taxes kick in on non qualified dividends. Since the person has no other income other than SS.
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Re: Tax Question

Postby BruceM » Fri Jun 14, 2013 8:21 pm
rec7 wrote:If a person is 65 years old and has 16k income from Social Security how much can they have in Vanguard Target Retirement 2015 Fund (VTXVX) before they would pay taxes? This is all taxable money. Social Security is there only income.


Provisional Income (PI), used to calculate how much of one's SS benefit will be includable as ordinary income, = 1/2 SS + Modified AGI + any mini bond interest. For a single person, if this exceeds $25,000 but is less than $34,000, then the lesser of 1/2 of SS or 1/2 the amount the PI exceeds $25,000 will be includable as ordinary income.

So with an AGI (I assume there are no above-the-line deductions and no muni bond interest) of X and 1/2 SS = $8,000, the above formula would mean X= 25,000 - 8,000 = 17,000 from VTXVX. For 2012, VTXVX distributed $.316/share of 'dividends', which I assume would all be taxable (whether they are qualifying or made up of capital gains would not matter). So 17,000/.316 = 53,800 (rounded) shares. At today's price of about $14.09, that would represent about $758,000 of VTXVX.

Bet it ain't a problem.

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Re: Tax Question [Social Security income and fund distributi

Postby grabiner » Fri Jun 14, 2013 8:47 pm
rec7 wrote:If a person is 65 years old and has 16k income from Social Security how much can they have in Vanguard Target Retirement 2015 Fund (VTXVX) before they would pay taxes? This is all taxable money. Social Security is there only income.


Wiki article link: Taxation of Social Security benefits

I will estimate a 2.5% distribution yield and 50% qualified dividends from the fund; these are close to last year's numbers.

The standard deduction and personal exemption for a single taxpayer over 65 is $11,500.

If you have $16,000 in Social Security, then none of your SS is taxable until you have $17,000 of other income (other income plus half of SS must be $25,000). After that, until you have $26,000 of other income, every dollar of income makes 50 cents of SS taxable.

Thus, if you have $20,000 of income from the Vanguard fund, $1500 of your SS is taxable. Your total income is $21,500, but $10,000 of that is qualified dividends, which are taxed at 0% in your tax bracket. The remaining $11,500 is eliminated by the standard deduction and personal exemption.

As long as you don't withdraw anything from the fund, you can have $800,000 in the fund and have only $20,000 in income from it. If you withdraw from the fund, any capital gains are taxable; while you pay 0% tax on those capital gains, they do count towards making SS taxable.
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Re: Tax Question

Postby damjam » Fri Jun 14, 2013 9:07 pm
rec7 wrote:The fund is about 50/50 so I am guessing only half the dividends will be qualified dividends. The other half would be bond interest. Going by the yield I was thinking a person could have close to one million in the fund in this case with no taxes but I am not sure. I think the distributions will be around 2% since the capital gains are small. It is the non qualified dividends that cause the taxes fast because at age 65 a person can only make about 13k before taxes kick in on non qualified dividends. Since the person has no other income other than SS.

It is the non-qualified dividends that trigger the tax. As a matter of fact the person can only make $11,500 in non-qualified income 2013 before taxes kick in. (That would equal the standard deduction + personal exemption)
Also for this person once total income of any kind (including tax exempt income) is greater than $17,000 then SS starts getting put into the mix.

BruceM wrote:So with an AGI (I assume there are no above-the-line deductions and no muni bond interest) of X and 1/2 SS = $8,000, the above formula would mean X= 25,000 - 8,000 = 17,000 from VTXVX. For 2012, VTXVX distributed $.316/share of 'dividends', which I assume would all be taxable (whether they are qualifying or made up of capital gains would not matter). So 17,000/.316 = 53,800 (rounded) shares. At today's price of about $14.09, that would represent about $758,000 of VTXVX.

If we assume none of the distributions is qualified then taxes begin to kick in at $11,500 not $17,000. So if the goal is no taxes then we need to assume 11,500/.316 = 36,392 (rounded) shares. Which represents $512,763 of VTXVX.
If some of the distribution is qualified then it is easier to run a simulation such as Taxcaster because the interplay of SS and qualified dividends.

Grabiner has hit the nail on the head.
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Re: Tax Question [Social Security income and fund distributi

Postby rec7 » Fri Jun 14, 2013 9:25 pm
This one was over my head. Thanks everybody great work.
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Posted on 6:17 AM | Categories:

Ten Years In: Time to get serious about your 401(k)

 Hal M. Bundrick for MainStreet writes:  You might not think about it until money is tight and you take a good look at your paycheck stub. The taxes! And insurance! The deductions that whittle away at your take-home pay. And what's this? Oh yeah, "Retirement." What a miserable mess that has been. They're taking money out of every paycheck and putting it into that dark hole called a 401(k). You've got five, ten years or so of paying-in under your belt -- so is the freaking thing growing at all? And who has the time to figure these things out? In this just-marriedjust-had-a-kid, just-getting-by world you're living in, how can you make sense of your 401(k)? Can you patch up your 401(k) and make a true recovery?
A 2011 report published by Financial Engines, an independent investment advisory firm founded by Nobel Laureate Bill Sharpe, gauged the impact of professional investment help in 401(k) plans, such as target-date funds, managed accounts and online advice -- collectively referred to as "Help" in the report. "Help in Defined Contribution Plans: 2006-2010" analyzed eight large 401(k) plans representing more than 425,000 individual participants. Across all age groups and in a range of market conditions, portfolios of participants using "Help" experienced higher returns with lower risk on average than those not using Help. The annual investment performance gap between the portfolios of those participants using Help and those not using Help was 2.92%, net of fees.
"This investment performance difference can have a meaningful impact on wealth accumulation over time," saod Wei-Yin Hu, director of financial research with Financial Engines. "For example, using the return difference of 2.92%, suppose that two participants — one using Help and one not using Help — both invest $10,000 at age 45. Assuming that both participants receive the median returns identified in the report, the Help Participant could have 70% more wealth at age 65--$71,400-- than the Non-Help Participant--$42,100."
One of those "help" components mentioned in the report is "target-date funds" (TDFs). These investment options are usually indicated by a retirement goal year designation, for example: 2050. The fund has an investment mix that changes the closer you get to your "target date", perhaps reducing stock exposure by a certain percentage each year as you age.
"Target date funds can be a good way to get a diversified portfolio without having to make individual investment allocation decisions, and you get the benefit of automatic decreases in risk as you get closer to retirement," says Hu. "To get the full benefit of these vehicles, you need to make sure the target date fund option in your plan is one with low fees."
These target date funds are designed with the idea that you put your entire account into a single fund, Hu noted, and a common mistake is that many participants continue to see target-date funds as simply additional fund options in their plans, not as an all-in-one fund solution.
Roger Wohlner, a fee-only financial planner in Arlington Heights, Ill. says he likes target-date funds too, with a caveat.
"I like target date funds more for younger participants than for say, folks who are 45 or within 15 years of retirement," he says. "For younger participants TDFs can offer instant diversification, especially for investors who might not have any other investments outside of their retirement plan. Even so, TDFs are not 'no brainers', you still need to review these options to understand how your money is being invested. And not all 2050 funds are the same -- the make-up of TDFs with the same target year can vary widely."
Wohlner also says that fine-tuning your 401(k) is not a one-time-only chore.
"Participants need to review their allocation in light of their situation periodically and make changes as appropriate," Wohlner says. "Investors who complained about the carnage to their 401(k) accounts in '08,'09 were likely taking far too much risk anyway and sadly saw the consequences."
Automatic contributions, market performance and a proper investment mix – all of these factors are critical to your 401(k) savings success – but so are fees. In years past, it has been hard to peel away the layers of obfuscation to find out just how many varmints were eating away at your nest egg, but that is finally changing.
"Starting in 2012 employers were required to provide disclosures about plan fees and expenses to participants," says Wohlner. "The format of these disclosures will vary provider by provider. While some are not as clear as they could be, nonetheless plan participants should review these disclosures carefully."
One drawback even in light of these disclosures remains that the disclosures don't provide any fee benchmarks and this information is a bit tough for participants to find on their own.
"I will say this," Wohlner adds, "if they see mutual funds and investment options with expense ratios of over say 1.25% across the board, this is high. If the expenses are consistently over 1.50% or higher, somebody is making a lot of money off of this plan and it isn't the participants. Larger companies often have better plans in terms of offering low-cost institutional type options -- smaller plans are too often provided by insurance companies with layers and layers of fees that enrich the plan's advisor and the plan provider. Even with smaller plans, a well-run plan with a mix of low-cost active and passive funds can easily be under 1.00% all-in, including fund expenses, advisor's fees, administration, and the rest."
So stop staring at your paystub with that glazed look in your eyes. It's time to get serious about your 401(k).
Posted on 6:17 AM | Categories:

Your 401(k) Investments Are In Big Trouble. Here's Why...

Mitch Tuchman for Forbes writes: Savers often talk about their 401(k) plans as if they were investments: “My 401(k) money,” as if it were a monolithic thing, indivisible and hard to understand.
Investment firms work to make it that way, offering up inscrutable options that sound about the same. Prudent Growth. Balanced Stock. Contra-this and Value-that.
Underlying all of those funds are pretty simplistic mixtures of public company stocks or bonds. And therein lies the rub. You could own 10 different funds and feel well-diversified, but that doesn’t make it so. Five of those funds might have a 10% investment in the same company.
A few web sites, among themMorningstar and the private investment industry regulator FINRA, offer online tools to help you understand what you’ve bought.  But they can’t help you understand why you own those funds, other than that a plan administrator once briefly mentioned that “diversification” is a good idea.
Diversification doesn’t mean owning more stock or six flavors of indistinguishable mutual funds. It doesn’t even mean owning a smattering of bonds.Diversification means owning a broad mix of asset classes, even things you might not have considered.
As Robert Powell at MarketWatch points out, 401(k) plans should operate more like pension funds when it comes to available investment classes. Workplace plans, for instance, typically own about 60% stocks and 40% bonds and cash.
Thinking broadly
Pension funds, meanwhile, play a very different game. A recent breakdown of their holdings showed about 30% stocks, 30% bonds, 2% international bonds, 4.5% real estate and 10% alternative investments, Powell explains.
Whoa, whoa, whoa, you might say. I’m not ready for “alternative” investing. I’m hardly ready for Dow Jones! Yet, you should be thinking more broadly.
Pension funds didn’t come up with this approach last week. They’ve been steadily investing in a multitude of asset classes for years and years. It’s the same model used by university endowments and major corporations.
It works because pension plans distribute risk across a broader set of possible outcomes. In any given year, one or another investment type is likely to benefit from a short-term wave of attention.
It’s extremely hard to predict what the mass of global investors will chase next. A great pension manager knows that he or she can’t predict these flows and won’t try.
Instead, they build a careful model that balances risk with the time horizon of the investors, then owns the whole market.
No-brainer approach
As one side of the teeter-totter rises or falls, it’s a matter of rebalancing, that is, programmatically selling off gainers in order to buy the relative “losers” who get left  behind — for the moment. Decades of finance research shows it works.
Burton Malkiel, the Princeton professor and one of the fathers of passive investing, explains that rebalancing works because it reduces risk while actually increasing returns. It’s the kind of no-brainer approach that 401(k) investors really need but, too often, simply cannot find in their current plans.
Posted on 6:17 AM | Categories:

TaxMode Pro: Income tax calc Android App / TaxMode Pro is made to satisfy the computational needs of a tax planner for quick and comprehensive income tax calculations or quarterly estimated taxes.

Professional grade income tax calculator for USA. TaxMode Pro is made to satisfy the computational needs of a tax planner for quick and comprehensive income tax calculations or quarterly estimated taxes. Its simple and efficient design makes it equally adaptable by self planning individuals. It includes a fully updated version for 2013 tax year. This version also includes tax computations for 2012 and 2011. 

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- Modified Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT) calculations
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Posted on 6:17 AM | Categories:

Offshore Bank Account Reporting Deadline Nears


Experts urge taxpayers who are required to file FBARs to do so, given U.S. authorities' ongoing crackdown on secret offshore accounts.

The penalties for not filing the forms are severe: up to $100,000 or 50% of the highest balance in the account per year, whichever is greater, in civil cases involving willful failure to file; and criminal penalties, including jail, in more egregious cases.

Taxpayers must file an FBAR if they had foreign-based bank or financial accounts with a total value exceeding $10,000 at any point during 2012, even if the account produced no taxable income.

The requirement doesn't include all international investments. For example, taxpayers with assets held through U.S.-based banks, brokerages and mutual funds needn't file. The assets covered by the FBAR differ from assets covered by IRS Form 8938, which also requires foreign-asset reporting. More information, including a table, FBAR instructions and forms, is available on the IRS website (www.irs.gov).

Taxpayers can file FBAR forms on paper as long as they do so by the deadline. E-filing also is available and becomes mandatory for all FBARs (even ones for prior years) as of July 1. You can find comprehensive e-filing instructions atbsaefiling.fincen.treas.gov.

Some tax preparers are concerned about the e-filing requirement, since much of their professional software doesn't yet have the ability to process FBARs electronically and guidelines remain unclear, says Marc Strohl, an accountant at Protax Consulting Services in New York, a firm with thousands of international clients.

The FBAR form has existed since the 1970s. Filings have increased sharply since 2009, when U.S. authorities began a campaign against secret offshore accounts after Swiss banking giant UBS UBS -0.73% admitted it had encouraged U.S. taxpayers to hide money abroad.

Last year, U.S. taxpayers filed 671,000 FBARs, compared with 349,000 in 2008. The U.S. State Department estimates there are 7.2 million U.S. citizens living abroad.

"It's simple math," says Bryan Skarlatos, a tax lawyer at Kostelanetz & Fink in New York. "Thousands or even millions of offshore accounts aren't being reported."

The IRS has a limited-amnesty program for U.S. taxpayers who want to confess secret offshore accounts. People accepted into it are protected from criminal prosecution, but often they will owe a stiff penalty—currently 27.5% of the highest balance in the account.

To avoid the penalty and other costs of the program, some taxpayers simply amend past returns to include previously unreported foreign-account information and file missing FBAR forms.

Mr. Skarlatos says this practice, which is known as "quiet disclosure," is a risky gamble for people who attempt it without expert help. "It could lead to larger penalties or criminal prosecution," he warns.
Posted on 6:16 AM | Categories: