It's probably no surprise, though, that most of these legislative efforts have fallen victim to political infighting over procedural details, amendment disputes, tax reform discussions and objections over the impact on future federal budget deficits.
To slow things even further, Congress recessed in August for its annual summer break. But as lawmakers reconvene in September, there are a number of tax breaks that business owners ought to keep their eye on for possible revival. The action in Washington could especially pick up after the Congressional mid-term elections in November.
Section 179 deduction
In June, the House voted to restore and make permanent the $500,000 limit (up from the $25,000 limit that it reverted to on January 1st) on the amount of qualifying expenses that businesses can write off immediately rather than having to depreciate them over a number of years as specified by Section 179 of the Tax Code. The bill included an adjustment for inflation on the new, higher limit, and would make it retroactive to the beginning of 2014. The bill awaits passage in the Senate.
Bonus depreciation
Established during the Bush administration in 2008, bonus depreciation allowed companies to deduct an additional 50 percent of the value of an investment in the first year, on top of the regular depreciation schedule. For a time, it was expanded to allow all of an investment to be deducted in the first year before it expired at the end of 2013.
In July, the House voted to revive the original 50 percent provision and to remove the expiration date. However, balanced-budget supporters claim that the policy would cost $287 billion in tax revenues over the next 10 years.
Work opportunity tax credit
The American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 (ATRA) extended through the end of 2013 the Work Opportunity Tax Credit (WOTC). The credit was designed to encourage companies to hire workers from certain targeted groups such as veterans. The credit had an upper limit of $9,600 per qualified veteran for taxable employers and a limit of $6,240 for tax-exempt organizations.
The result can be a significant tax savings for employers – and a steady source of income for a deserving employee – if Congress decides to restore it. The recent turmoil surrounding the mistreatment of veterans' healthcare requests by the Veterans Administration could provide extra incentive for Congress to reinstate this tax break in 2014.
(Keep in mind that a tax credit is generally more valuable than a tax deduction. A tax deduction reduces the taxable income upon which a company's final tax bill is calculated. A tax credit reduces tax liability dollar-for-dollar.)
Domestic production activities deduction
The benefits of this tax break were fully phased in beginning in 2010, and with no expiration date, its provisions aren't technically subject to congressional action any time soon. But its relevance to construction businesses makes it worth including here anyway.
IRS Code Section 199 allows a deduction equal to 9% of income derived from "qualified domestic production activities." Income from these activities is defined as the excess of the company's domestic production gross receipts over the sum of the cost of goods sold that can be properly allocated to those receipts and other expenses, losses, and deductions. Examples of qualifying activities include:
• the construction of real property in the U.S. in the ordinary course of a construction trade or business;
• engineering or architectural services performed in the ordinary course of a trade or business with respect to the construction of real property in the U.S.; and
• the lease, rental, licensing, sale or exchange of property that has been manufactured, produced, grown, or extracted by the company, including electricity, natural gas or potable water.
Alternative fuel tax credit
In 2006 Congress passed a bill that allows companies to receive a fuel tax credit based on the amount of propane they use as fuel in a motor vehicle. A "motor vehicle" includes forklift trucks used at construction sites, industrial plants and warehouses. Originally set to expire in 2009, and again in 2011, the credit was retroactively extended twice, and then expired again on December 31, 2013. The credit amounts to cents per gallon, and is claimed on Form 4136.
New market tax credits
Introduced into law in 2003, this tax incentive was recently slated to be extended two more years as part of The EXPIRE Act, which the Senate Finance Committee approved in April. The program is designed to help fund community development projects in economically challenged areas, and has proven to stimulate construction development in surrounding blocks and neighborhoods as well. Between 2003 and 2010, the NMTC doled out $5.4 billion in funds, which generated $45 billion in investment — an approximately 8-to-1 leverage.
Of course, given the current mood in Congress and its penchant for political brinksmanship, the final fate of all these business-friendly tax breaks is anyone's guess. And the White House has expressed its opposition to making many of these tax breaks permanent, because they benefit businesses but not individual taxpayers.
Once again, it comes down to a matter of wait-and-see for companies that would rather operate in a more stable and certain tax environment.